Identifying how modifications in CAR T cell manufacturing can improve in-vivo persistence and clinical efficacy by determining the mechanisms and specific features of T cell biology that drive these therapeutic responses.  

Sharing two striking observations made when assessing antitumor activity of single CAR T cells against single tumor targets:  

• Observing the great deal of heterogeneity in the cytotoxic kinetics – something often missed when performing similar assays on bulk populations of cells, and how this may be exploited to increase therapeutic efficacy.  
• Describing how differences in CAR T cell manufacturing (e.g., using IL-2 or IL-7/15 during activation/expansion) results in disparate functional profiles